Hands-on VOIP

Objectives Prerequisites Course Outline

NL-1-0

What you will learn

The primary goal of this one (1) day training program is to provide the core knowledge and skills that relate to the various technologies that are evolving to allow end-to-end voice communication to be packetised for transmission over a digital network ostensibly designed for data communication. This is distinct from taking an analogue multimedia stream end-to-end over a digital network designed for voice communication. At the conclusion of this course attendees will be able to:

  • Describe the key aspects of the Voice Over Packet technologies
    • Voice over Frame Relay operation
    • Voice over ATM operation
    • Voice over IP operation
  • Describe the three (3) prominent methods of VoIP signalling: H.323, SIP, MGCP/H.248.
  • Describe the operation of the protocols supporting the VoIP media transport mechanisms.
  • Describe the key protocol flows that occur under the various signalling and media transport protocols.
  • Identify and describe the key components of Voice Over Packet implementations.
  • Identify and describe the key quality of service parameters for the delivery of voice over packet networks.
  • Appreciate the difference between ‘carrier’ provided solutions and desktop solutions.


Pre-requisites

It is envisaged that the attendees to this program will have completed or be able to demonstrate existing knowledge to that presented in the Hands-on TCP/IP class.


Course Outline

Introduction to Voice Over Packet

From a big picture perspective the introduction describes the key drivers and enablers behind voice over packet implementation decisions. Some of the key terms, acronyms and abbreviations will also be introduced.

  • What is voice over packet
  • Voice over Frame
  • Voice over ATM
  • Voice over IP
  • Voice over everything

Packetising voice

This module draws upon some of the basic fundamentals of the pre-reading material and introduces the key attributes of the existing voice network. It starts by investigating what happens when a ‘normal’ voice conversation is established over the PSTN so that the key attributes of what makes this communication so successful to date can be highlighted. In particular the attributes of the various parameters that actually make the existing voice network work as it does and the considerations for replicating this in a data network are examined. It concludes with an examination of how voice is packetised.

  • What is Voice?    
  • Audio codecs    
  • Codec comparison    
  • Codec and packet size tradeoff
  • Network latency    
  • Delay budgets    
  • Jitter
  • Packet loss    
  • Measuring voice quality    
    • P.800 Mean Opinion Score (MOS)    
    • P.861 Perceptual Speech Quality Measurement (PSQM)    
  • Tunable parameters    
    • Jitter buffer settings    
    • Packet size    
    • Silence suppression    
    • Call establishment process    
  • Echo    
  • VoIP software architecture    

Voice Over Frame Relay

  • Supporting voice over Frame Relay
  • Supporting QoS
  • Implementation agreement support
  • Protocol handling and signalling
  • Fragmentation
  • Encryption

Voice Over ATM

  • Supporting voice over ATM
  • AAL options - 1, 2 and 5
  • Circuit emulation service
  • Voice and Telephony Over ATM specifications
  • Protocol handling and signalling

Voice Over IP - Standards    

So what are the 'standards' that vendors and end-users are relying on to make VoIP a reality? The module introduces the common functional components necessary to implement a VoIP solution and then proceeds to elaborate on how the standards have evolved. In particular the relationship between the various standards bodies and 'defacto' industry standards will be discussed i.e.  NCS PacketCable etc. The module separates out the VoIP signalling, transport, gateway interface elements and the required data network tuning components.

  • VoIP Key Reference Points    
  • Media gateway    
  • Media gateway controller / call agent    
  • Key standards    
  • Media transport    
  • Signalling and call processing    
  • Other standards organisations    
  • IMTC / VoIP Forum    
  • H.323    
  • Multiparty Multimedia Session Control    

VoIP Signalling Options

This module elaborates on the three (3) predominant VoIP signalling options that can be found in the market today. The protocols will each be covered in depth and the basic protocol flows of how a VoIP call is established using the three different mechanisms will be investigated.

  • H.323    
    • H.323 protocol relationships    
    • H.323 components    
    • Gatekeeper    
    • Multipoint Control Unit (MCU)
    • Gateway    
    • H.323 Gatekeeper    
    • H.323 Multipoint Control Unit (MCU)
    • H.323 Gateway overview    
    • H.323 Terminals    
    • Registration Admission and Status (RAS)    
    • H.225.0    
    • H.245    
    • H.323 gatekeeper control modes    
    • H.323 Gatekeeper messaging    
    • H.323 call setup    
    • H.323 detailed call setup summary    
  • Media Gateway Control Protocol    
  • Session Initiation Protocol
    • SIP servers    
    • Key SIP Protocols    
    • Session Description Protocol    
    • SIP Addressing    
    • SIP port assignments and DNS    
    • SIP proxy server    
    • SIP redirect server    
    • SIP Messages    
    • SIP based request codes    
    • SIP text based response codes    
    • SIP v H.323 for edge    

Media Transport    

This module explores the operation of the media transport protocols RTP and RTCP. How the media transport protocol works with respect to normal protocol flows is investigated.

  • Real-time Transport Protocol    
    • Port Assignment    
    • RTP header format     decode
    • Interpretation of header fields    
  • Real-time Transport Control Protocol    
    • Port assignment
    • Operation

Data Network Tuning    

This module explores the requirements for 'tuning' a data network to work within the bandwidth and delay constraints imposed by end-to-end voice communications. There are various protocols being deployed to support this capability are discussed.

  • The "Quality of Service" issue    
  • Techniques for managing QoS    
    • Committed Access Rate (CAR)    
    • Class-Based Queuing (CBQ)
    • Class of Service (CoS)    
    • Differentiated Services (Diffserv)
    • Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)    
    • Policy Routing    
    • Random Early Discard (RED)    
    • Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)    
    • Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ)    
    • Weighted Random Early Discard (WRED)    

Appendix A -     Abbreviations and Acronyms    

Appendix B - VoIP References and Bibliography